Guide for valves of internal-combustion engines



Aug. 3 1926. 5

N. E. DUFTY GUIDE FbR VALVES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed D90. 15, 1925 If J If E A rromvnr."

means for mountin Patented Aug. 3, 1926,

UNITED sTA I NOEL EVELYNDUFTY, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

euros i on. VALVES or INTERNAL-COMBUSTION enemas Application filed Dee ember 15, 1925, Serial No. 75,640, and in Great Britain January 9, 1985.

This invention relates to improvements in guides for valves for use with internal combustion engines.

The object of the invention is to provide a valve in such a manner as to avoid the ailure of the valve to seat properly. In internal combustion engines 1t commonly happens that the valve head fails to seat itself properly on the seating in the cylinder body, when the engine has run for a short time, owing to the fact that the valve seating becomes displaced by reason of the head of the enginebecoming much hotter than the part of the engine which carries the valve guide. This results in the valve seating becoming displaced laterally with regard to the valve, with a consequent leakage and loss'in pressure within the cylinder.

With a view to avoiding this objection the valve guide has in some cases been mounted so as to be capable of rocking with regard to the engine casing but this attempted solution of thedifliculty is unsatisfactory inasmuch as it leads to the valve occupying a position which is not co-axial with the seat- 1ng. i

According to the present invention guidmg or packing means are provided for the valves of internal combustionengines which permit. of the lateral displacement of the valve substantially parallel to'itself. When the valve seating ecomes displaced relatively to the portion of the engine which carries the valve guide, the valve is able to alter its position but still to remain co-axial with the valve seating; One or more, preferably a number, of guiding elements closely surround the valve stem, and are carried by a holding or containing member mounted at a convenient point on the engine casing, these guiding elements being capable of lateral movement within the containing member and the ends of the containing member, through which the valve stem passes being apertured to permit of a sideways displacement of the valve stem relative to the containing member. Preferably these guiding elements alternate with other, spacing elements which fit closely within the containing member, but while surroundin the valve stem are spaced therefrom. 'I he iding and spacing elements thus form a la g rinth packing resembling the packing sometimes used for the connecting rods of pistons and slide valves in steam engines, but at the same passes down through the guiding means and carries the usual collar D, between whichameter than the s time the guiding members and the contain mg member permitof a lateral movement of the valve stem. The guiding and spacing elements may be. of a suitable metal, or the elements which closely surround the valve stem may be of carbon, or of metal with a. carbon bushing. The carbon used for the guiding and spacing elements may be a manufactured graphite rodu'ct such as is used to-day for t e carbon packing-gland" rings of steam turbines and for the carbon brushes of electric generators andmotors. A pure graphite composition is specially suitable on' account of its capacity to withstand a high temperature and of its low coefiicient of friction. carbon may contain an admixture of copper or other metal to increase the heat conduc tivity of the carbon element. The guidin and spacing elements are preferably pressed into close engagement with one another by means of a spring. y

The invention'is illustrated in the accompanyingrdrawing in sectional elevation as applied to the intake valve of an internal combustion engine: I

The valve A rests on the valve seating B in the cylinder wall and the valve-stem G and the flange E of the guide container or holder F is the usual spring G for holding the valve on its seat.

The valve guide ismade up of a number of guiding elements H, H and spacing ele ments J, J. The elements H, H are rings of carbon which-are a sliding fit on the spindle C but are slightly less in cross sec tional area than the interior of the member F mounted or formed on or at a convenient, point on the engine casting, and containing or holding the guide elements, so that there are spaces K surrounding these elements H. The rings H may also be of a suitable metal. The spacing elements J, which alternate with the elements H, are rin s of suitable metal and are a snug fit in t e containing member F, but internally are of larger dipindle C, so that spaces L are left between the spindle and the rings J. The elements H and J are pressed upwards and into close contact with one an other by a light spring M, resting on the spindle collar D- and bearing against the lowest element J.

In some cases the of the guide containing member F, and the upper end of the member F is closed by the inturned flange E, which does not fit closely round the valve stem 0, but is spaced therefrom. L

If the valve seating B is displaced laterally with regard to the guide containing member F, 'owin to the cylinder head heating'more than t e portion of the engine in which the member F is carried, the spindle C, with the ide elements H can move sllghtly latera y, the spindle remaining parallel to itself, and so. the valve A can locate itself accurately and concentrically in the seating B, the rings H sliding laterally over the spacing rings J.

- It'will be seen that the iding and spacingelements described orm a lab mth 'packing for the valve stem, with all t e advantages that this form of packing is known to ofl'er.

It is not necessary that a separate spring M should be provided to act on the guiding and spacing elements, though this is the preferable arrangement. The element J might be formed with a flange to take the thrust of the spring'G, which would then serve a double purpose.

I claim 2-- 1. Guiding. means for valves of internal combustion engines com rising a container surrounding and spaced from the valve stem, an inturned flange at one end of said container the inner periphery of said flange being spacedfrom the valve stem, a guiding element fitting closely around the -valve stem within the container said guiding element being capable of lateral movement within the container and means for maintaining the guiding element in close contact with the flange of the container. Y

2. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprising a container surrounding but spaced from the valve stem, a guiding element fitting closely around the valve stem within the container, .said guiding element being capable of lateral movement within the-container and a further element surrounding but spaced from the valve stem and in close contact with the guiding element and fitting closely against the interior surface of the container.

3; Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprising. a container surrounding but spaced from the .valve stem a plurality of guiding elements fitting closely around the valve stem within the contalner, saidguiding elements being ca able of lateral movement within the contamer, and spacin elements between the guiding elements'sa-ld spa'cin elements sur rounding but being spacedv romthe valve stem and being in close contact with the glliiding elements and the interior surface of t e container.

taming the elements in 4. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprising a containervtainer, said guiding elements being capable.

of lateral movement within the container and spacing'el'ements alternating with'the guiding elements, said spacing elements surrounding but being spaced from the valve stem and being in close contact with the guiding elements and the interior surface of the container.

5. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprising a container, surrounding but spaced from the valve stem, guiding elements of carbon adapted to fit closely round the valve stem within said container, said guiding elements being capable of lateral movement within the container and spacing elements between the guiding elements.

6. Guiding means for valves ofinternal combustion engines comprising a container surrounding but spaced from the valve stem, guiding elements adapted to fit closely round the valve stem within said container, said guiding elements being capable of lateral movement within the container, and spacing elements of metal between the guiding elements.

7. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprising a container surrounding and spaced from the valve stem, an inturned flange at one end of said container the inner periphery of said flange being spaced from the valve stem, a guiding element fitting closely around the valve stem within the container, said guiding element being capable of lateral movement within the container and a spring adapted to urge the guiding-element into close contact with the flange of the container.

8. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprising a container surrounding but spaced from the valve stem,

surrounding and spaced from the valve stem,

and in close contact with the guiding element and fitting closely againstthe interior surface of the container and means for mainclose contact with one another.

9. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprisin a container surrounding but spaced rom t e valve stem, a plurality of gui ing elements fitting closely around the'valve-stem within the container, said guiding elements being capable of lateral movementfwithin the container, spacing elements between the guiding elements sai being spacing elements" surrounding but Ill spaced from the valve stem and being in c ose contact with the guiding elements and the interior surface of the container, and means for maintaining the guiding and spacing elements in close contact with one another. I t

10. Guiding means for valves of internal combustion engines comprisin a container, surrounding but spaced from t e valve stem, a labyrinth packing around the valve stem within the container, said labyrinth packing being adapted to permit movement of the valve parallel to itself, a fixed collar on the valve stem and a spiral compression spring arranged between said fixed collar and the lowest member of the labyrinth packin and adapted to maintain the parts'of the %abyrinth packing in position.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

NonL EVELYN DUFTY. 

